Reduction of the Flow Separation Zone at Combining Open-Channel Junction by Applying Alternate Suction and Blowing

The flow separation zone (FSZ) is one of the main flow characteristics of the combining open channel junction and is associated with energy dissipation. Bed shear stress in the contracted flow region increases as the channel's effective width is reduced. Reduction of the FSZ at the junction to improve efficiency is desirable. The present numerical study focuses on the effect of continuous suction and blowing perturbations in reducing the FSZ at a right-angled open channel junction. The flow field is simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The numerical model is validated by comparing the simulated velocity field, water surface elevation, and energy loss for the unperturbed junction flow with corresponding experimental results available in the literature. The continuous suction and blowing perturbation is generated by a sinusoidal function with zero net discharge and is applied through a rectangular slit. Three different slit locations are considered downstream of the junction. The simulated results (time-averaged) show that the sinusoidal perturbation is effective in reducing the dimensions of the FSZ and, consequently, the energy loss and bed shear stress. The results demonstrate the enhanced effectiveness in reducing the energy loss when the slit is more proximate to the junction for the chosen flow configuration and the sinusoidal perturbation characteristics. The results of the time-averaged depth ratios show only a marginal reduction due to the flow perturbation.