Grid integration of wind turbine and battery energy storage system: Review and key challenges

Wind power is the most promising and mature technology among the renewable energy resources. But the intermittent nature of wind makes it difficult to predict, schedule, manage and control wind power generation efficiently. Grid integration of large scale wind farms may pose significant challenges on power system operation and management. Battery energy storage system (BESS) coordinated with wind turbine has great potential to solve these problems. This paper explores several research publications with focus on utilizing BESS for wind farm applications. The paper separately discusses the issues pertinent to active and reactive power management viz. power fluctuation mitigation, frequency regulation, dispatchability improvement, reactive power support, voltage stability and low voltage ride through capability. It provides an insight of various control strategies and battery technologies applicable to each problem. Key challenges hindering the successful integration of wind and battery technologies have been identified and scope of future research has been discussed.