Palanivel, S.S.PalanivelArora, A.A.AroraDoherty, K. J.K. J.DohertyMishra, R. S.R. S.Mishra2025-08-302025-08-302016-12-1510.1016/j.msea.2016.10.0152-s2.0-84991585309https://d8.irins.org/handle/IITG2025/21794A framework is proposed to explain the dissolution and fragmentation of particles during friction stir welding and processing. Two major mechanisms dissolve the particle during the process: (i) thermally activated diffusion, and (ii) dislocation and grain boundary sweeping of atoms. We use a three-dimensional coupled viscoplastic flow and heat transfer model to quantify these mechanisms. For illustration purposes, calculations were done on a thermally stable Mg<inf>2</inf>Y intermetallic that dissolved during processing. The framework is universal and applies to any second phase dissolution and fragmentation during friction stir welding and processing, thus enabling a science-based approach to tailor microstructures.falseDiffusion | Dissolution | Friction stir processing | Friction stir welding | Numerical modelingArticle308-31415 December 201653arJournal50