Thakur, AnupmaAnupmaThakurDevi, PoojaPoojaDevi2025-08-312025-08-312022-01-01[9781119776055, 9781119776086]10.1002/9781119776086.ch72-s2.0-85151203569https://d8.irins.org/handle/IITG2025/27140Captivating the forthcoming era with clean energy has been the global juggernaut to meet the increasing energy consumption demands. Energy recycling and the production of green fuels using CO<inf>2</inf> and H<inf>2</inf>O have received a lot of attention recently as a way to solve energy and environmental challenges. Photo-electrocatalysts that are efficient, strong, and inexpensive are required for both of these purposes. The early emphasis on photo-electrocatalysts based on expensive noble-metal co-catalysts hindered the development of this energy source. Developing high-performance photo-electrocatalysts based on newly-developed functional hybrid materials with a diverse set of physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties, is now a key research emphasis. In this chapter, we discuss the recent developments on photo-electrocatalytic hybrid materials for hydrogen (H<inf>2</inf>) evolution reaction and carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) reduction which have been implemented in photo-electrochemical reactions. The earliest ideas for regulating cost and material availability by replacing expensive platinum catalysts with earth-abundant hybrid materials are uniquely described here. In conclusion, this chapter presents a comprehensive framework for a wide range of hybrid materials, including consistent and relevant comparisons between catalysts (electrocatalyst and photocatalyst) and engraving insights into underlying theory. We discuss current advances in hybrid materials for efficient hydrogen production and CO<inf>2</inf> to fuel conversion. We believe that hybrid materials have significant promise for enabling commercially viable renewable and clean energy harvesting solutions, thereby fulfilling the critical goal of assuring the world’s future energy security.falseCO2 reduction | Green fuels | Hybrid materials | Hydrogen | Water splittingBook Chapter147-1681 January 20220chBook0