Ganguly, AkashAkashGangulyOza, HarshHarshOzaPadhya, VirendraVirendraPadhyaPandey, AmitAmitPandeyChakra, SwagatikaSwagatikaChakraDeshpande, R. D.R. D.Deshpande2025-08-312025-08-312023-12-0110.1038/s41598-023-27577-52-s2.0-85146104103https://d8.irins.org/handle/IITG2025/2652236627383Moisture recycling in precipitation is an important hydrological process, accounting for ~ 67% globally. North-east India, home to the world's wettest place, boasts vast wetlands and forest-cover. Despite its proximity to the coast, we find locally recycled moisture to be the primary annual source of rainfall (~ 45%). During the pre-monsoon season, the enriched δ¹⁸O (~ − 0.7 ‰) and high d-excess (~ 14 ‰) are ascribed to enhanced transpiration, owing to atmospheric instability which causes Nor’westers. During the Monsoon season, oceanic flux provides increased surficial moisture, enabling deep-localised convection via evaporation. Significant localised recycling, even during the Monsoon season is estimated (~ 38%), with predominantly high d-excess in precipitation during latter half of the monsoon with increased moisture contribution from floods in Brahmaputra (high d-excess). The increasing δ¹⁸O and d-excess during the post-monsoon season is associated with progressively lesser rainout history and increased localized recycling (~ 67%). In light of the dwindling wetlands and forest-cover, our study highlights their indispensable role in governing regional hydro-meteorology and water availability.trueArticlehttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-27577-5.pdf20452322December 20237521arJournal4