Dubey, YogeshYogeshDubeyDilip, HarithaHarithaDilipKirubakaran, SivapriyaSivapriyaKirubakaranKanvah, SriramSriramKanvah2025-08-312025-08-312025-08-2110.1002/smll.2025031442-s2.0-105009761232https://d8.irins.org/handle/IITG2025/2802840590160Polyamine-based carriers, including spermine and spermidine, offer significant potential due to their ability to bind DNA and facilitate cellular uptake. In this study, four fluorophore-tagged spermidine and spermine derivatives (S1C, S2C, S1D, S2D) linked by a non-cleavable linker are synthesized and evaluated for their ability to condense DNA and mediate gene delivery. Spectroscopic and bio-AFM studies confirm the DNA condensation, with S2C exhibiting selective lysosomal targeting and photostability for up to 2 h. Further validation using an RFP-tagged plasmid confirms S2C’s effective DNA internalization. This approach offers a promising, straightforward alternative for gene delivery, addressing key limitations of conventional methods. However, further optimization is needed to improve gene release and enhance the therapeutic efficacy.falseDNA condensates | dye-polyamine conjugates | lysosomal imaging | polyamineArticle1613682921 August 202502503144arJournal0WOS:001520444300001