Impact of the September 2019 Minor Sudden Stratospheric Warming on the Low-Latitude Middle Atmospheric Planetary Wave Dynamics

Planetary wave (PW) associated dynamical variability in the equatorial and extratropical middle atmosphere during the September 2019 Southern hemisphere minor sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is investigated utilizing meteor radar wind observations from São João do Cariri (7.4°S, 36.5°W) and Cachoeira Paulista (22.7°S, 45°W) and reanalysis data. Signature of the mesospheric warming in conjunction with the stratospheric cooling is found at low latitudes. The strong westerly wind at low latitudes decelerates notably near 65 km at the onset of the warming episode, although no wind reversal is observed. The wind spectra reveal a prevalent quasi-16-day wave (Q16DW) prior to the SSW and existence of a quasi-6-day wave (Q6DW) after the warming event. Possible existence of barotropic/baroclinic instability in the low and mid latitude middle atmosphere may be responsible for exciting the Q6DW. Both traveling and stationary waves exhibit notable activities during the warming event. Although involvement of both zonal wavenumbers 1 and 2 PWs are found in the event, PW with zonal wavenumber 1 seems to play a vital role in preconditioning the same. Furthermore, significant latitudinal mixing of airmass between the tropics and high latitudes is evident in the potential vorticity map. The Eliassen-Palm flux diagnosis shows the propagation of the Q6DW and Q16DW from mid to low latitudes during the warming event.