Advancement in the Genetic Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a widespread neurological illness marked by a steady decline in cognitive abilities. It is now a global epidemic that affects more than 50 million people and is the sixth most significant cause of mortality globally. This figure excludes people with various types of dementia, the majority of whom are diagnosed with probable AD based on the presence of positive AD biomarkers. In order to create ways to counteract AD’s increasing prevalence, researchers, governments, and society at large must work together due to the disease’s enormous worldwide burden. Our knowledge of AD has grown since Alois Alzheimer’s first case was documented in 1906 in a number of scientific fields, including histology, genetics, molecular biology, omics, and clinical research. More than half a century later, we discovered the significance of genetic transmission, specifically via the disease-predictive genes APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2. However, less than 5% of AD cases are caused by these mutations; the other 95% are caused by polygenic causes involving several gene variants. The need for a thorough study to address the many facets of Alzheimer’s disease is highlighted in this chapter.