Towards the next generation nanorobots

Nanorobots with advanced capabilities that can accomplish various tasks have been the focus of significant research interests. Nanorobots can self-propel in different trajectories, be guided using external fields, and interact with objects and the environment. In recent years, various fabrication techniques, such as physical, chemical, microfluidic, and self-assembly methods, have been employed to integrate specific functions. Microfluidic platforms are utilized to encapsulate individual reactions and reaction networks, providing an experimental testbed system for designing the next generation of nanorobots. Due to significant progress in the field, man-made nanobots have been applied for a wide variety of operations. Today, a convergence between biomedical nanoparticles and nanorobots is apparent. This review discusses the next generation of nanorobots, the range of their fabrication techniques, and introduces integrated functions for bio-applications.