Recent advances in clinical applications of targeted nanomaterials

Targeted nanomaterials are at the forefront of advancements in nanomedicine due to their unique and versatile properties. These include nanoscale size, shape, surface chemistry, mechanical flexibility, fluorescence, optical behaviour, magnetic, and electronic characteristics as well as biocompatibility and biodegradability. These attributes enable their application across diverse fields such as drug delivery, bioimaging, sensing, disease diagnostics, tissue engineering, cosmetics, and electronics. This review explores the fundamental characteristics of nanomaterials and emphasize their importance into clinical applications. It further delves into methodologies for nanoparticles programming alongside discussions on clinical trials and case studies. We discussed some of promising nanomaterials such as polymeric nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles and metallic nanoparticles with their role in biomedical applications. The review underscores significant advancements in translating nanomaterials into clinical applications and highlight the potential of these innovative approaches in revolutionizing the medical field.