Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)-based photocatalysts for dye removal: Current status

Water contamination is a global concern as a result of growing industrialization and urbanization. Dye waste produced by numerous industries pollutes the water, so dye-based wastewater is a major alarm for animals, human health, and the environment. The elimination of these dye contaminants from water supplies is currently critical and significant due to the dyes' toxicity on humans, livestock, and plants. To remove/degrade dyes, various methods have been investigated, including extraction, absorption, membrane separation, coagulation, adsorption, biological treatment, and advanced oxidation process (AOPs). Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>), a captivating formed polymer, has been transformed as an intriguing issue in AOP science because of its metal-free advantages and its high sensitivity to light. Accordingly, when AOPs are joined with g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>, superb dye degradation has occurred. This paper overviewed the g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>-based AOPs are discussed for dye removal. The synergist effectiveness and mechanisms behind catalytic activity of g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>-based catalysts are broadly discussed. In the meantime, the impacts of pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, initial dye concentration, catalyst dosage, and scavengers on the reaction carried out by g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>-based catalysts are illustrated.