Study of Optimally Located Electric Vehicle Charging Stations for Frequency Control Service in Distribution Network

The enhanced growth of electric vehicle market has created a necessity of electric vehicle charging stations that can transfer charge at a very fast rate. The EV charging stations, which operate with the purpose of supplying energy to electric vehicles have the capability to be utilized for providing frequency control service to the distribution network along with regular operation of EV charging. The Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) has been deployed at the EV charging station to avoid the instability to the grid at the time of providing fast charging and the utilization of this BESS has created a new opportunity of providing frequency control service to the grid. Proper coordination is needed to be maintained between the fast charging of EV and frequency control service for frequency regulation. Also the integration of solar PV at distribution network can support the EV charging stations for improving the power quality of the distribution network. Optimally located distributed generation sources are capable of providing sufficient contribution to improve the power quality of a distribution network and its effectiveness has been shown at this research work by utilizing BESS and solar PV. The developed algorithm ensures the proper functioning of the two type of EV charging stations with the objectives of providing charge to EV and also providing frequency control service to the distribution network while maintaining the constraints of the battery so the SOC level stays within a required limit to ensure the smooth operation of both of these objectives.