Source printer identification using printer specific pooling of letter descriptors

The digital revolution has replaced the use of printed documents with their digital counterparts. However, many applications require the use of both due to several factors, including challenges of digital security, installation costs, ease of use, and lack of digital expertise. Technological developments in the digital domain have also resulted in the easy availability of high-quality scanners, printers, and image editing software at lower prices. Miscreants leverage such technology to develop forged documents that may go undetected in vast volumes of printed documents. These developments mandate the research on creating fast and accurate digital systems for source printer identification of printed documents. We extensively analyze and propose a printer-specific pooling that improves the performance of printer-specific local texture descriptor on two datasets. The proposed pooling performs well using a simple correlation-based prediction instead of a complex machine learning-based classifier achieving improved performance under cross-font scenarios. The proposed system achieves an average classification accuracy of 93.5%, 94.3%, and 60.3% on documents printed in Arial, Times New Roman, and Comic Sans font types respectively, when documents printed in only Cambria font are available for training. � 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.