Suprathermal Population Associated with Stream Interaction Regions Observed by STEREO-A: New Insights

Stream interaction regions (SIRs) are often thought to be responsible for the generation of suprathermal population in the interplanetary medium. Even though the source is the same, wide variations in the spectral indices of suprathermal populations are observed at 1 au during SIRs. This poses a significant uncertainty in understanding the generation of suprathermal ion populations by SIRs and indicates an interplay of multiple source mechanisms. By analyzing variations in suprathermal 4He, O, and Fe for 20 SIR events recorded by STEREO-A during 2007-2014, we find that the spectral indices of these elements vary in the range of 2.06-4.08, 1.85-4.56, and 2.11-4.04 for 19 events. However, in one special case, all three suprathermal elements show nearly identical (?1.5) spectral indices. We describe possible mechanisms that might cause significant variations in the spectral indices of suprathermal particles. More importantly, we show the possible role of merging and/or contraction of small-scale magnetic islands near 1 au in producing nearly identical spectral indices for three different elements with different first ionization potentials and mass-to-charge ratios. The occurrence of these magnetic islands near 1 au also supports the minimal modulation in the spectral indices of these particles. We also suggest that a possible solar flare may have played a role in generating these magnetic islands near the heliospheric current sheet. � 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.