Applications of Nanomaterials in the Textile Industry

The science of nanomaterials has taken giant leaps during the last three decades. Not only has the synthesis of nanomaterials become easier and more accessible, their integration in existing technologies is also becoming more feasible. Nanomaterials present extraordinary opportunities on account of the unique properties packed within their small sizes; this aspect is being used to improve a number of applications. Textile and apparel research too are being benefited by nanotechnology. Nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles (Ag/Au, TiO2, ZnO and CuO) and bio-based nanomaterials have been used in textiles to augment their functionalities. Examples of these functionalities being conductivity, water repellence, microbial control, high strength, anti-static properties, colour blocking, etc. Textile industries have not only been enriched in the products they deliver due to the advent of nanomaterials, they have also benefited from the fact that nanomaterials can be used to degrade pollutants found in textile effluent streams, which have posed serious environmental challenges for a long time. Thus, it seems, the future of textile industry is firmly entrenched in the smart incorporation of nanomaterials. It must also be mentioned that even with the remarkable opportunities that nanomaterials provide to the textile industry, there are some obstacles that need to be addressed such as that of scalability and cost. The lifecycle of nanomaterials and their toxicity in textile products also need to be evaluated and safeguards need to be in place for the safety of the consumer and the environment. In this chapter we will systematically present some perspectives on the foray of nanomaterials and the impact they have brought about in the textile industry and where it is headed.