Developing photosensitizer-cobaloxime hybrids for solar-driven h2 production in aqueous aerobic conditions

Developing photocatalytic H<inf>2</inf> production devices is the one of the key steps for constructing a global H<inf>2</inf>-based renewable energy infrastructure. A number of photoactive assemblies have emerged where a photosensitizer and cobaloxime-based H<inf>2</inf> production catalysts work in tandem to convert light energy into the H-H chemical bonds. However, the long-term instability of these assemblies and the need for hazardous proton sources have limited their usage. Here, in this work, we have integrated a stilbene-based organic dye into the periphery of a cobaloxime core via a distinct axial pyridine linkage. This strategy allowed us to develop a photosensitizer-catalyst hybrid structure with the same molecular framework. In this article, we have explained the detailed procedure of the synthesis of this hybrid molecule in addition to its comprehensive chemical characterization. The structural and optical studies have exhibited an intense electronic interaction between the cobaloxime core and the organic photosensitizer. The cobaloxime was active for H<inf>2</inf> production even in the presence of water as the proton source. Here, we have developed a simple airtight system connected with an online H<inf>2</inf> detector for the investigation of the photocatalytic activity by this hybrid complex. This photosensitizer-catalyst dyad present in the experimental setup continuously produced H<inf>2</inf> once it was exposed in the natural sunlight. This photocatalytic H<inf>2</inf> production by the hybrid complex was observed in aqueous/organic mixture media in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor under complete aerobic conditions. Thus, this photocatalysis measurement system along with the photosensitizer-catalyst dyad provide valuable insight for the development of next generation photocatalytic H<inf>2</inf> production devices.