Maps and mapping of coastal region in historical times: a study with reference to the Indian coast

The significance of early coastal maps, from the 16th to the 20th century, as a crucial repository of geomorphological and archaeological data is increasingly being recognised, and their integration in scientific research is becoming more critical. Before using early maps as a means of exploring historical information, it is imperative to examine their historical context and investigate inquiries such as: How was the coastline of a particular region perceived and mapped since ancient times? When did the rigorous and most accurate mapping of that coast begin? Who were the pioneer and prime historical cartographers who surveyed and mapped that region? Which country did they belong to? How did cartographic techniques evolve in historical times? The present paper addresses these questions in the context of the Indian coast and identifies some of the important cartographers and their atlases. The information provided also sheds light on the efforts made by Portuguese, Dutch, British, French, and Danish cartographers to map the Indian coastline, with a particular focus on areas where they had significant interests. The paper serves as a helpful reference for conducting archival work on historical textual and cartographic records of coastal India.