Multifaceted Livelihood Relations of Local Communities with the Indian Sundarbans Mangroves

We explore the intricate dynamics of traditions alongside environmental challenges and subsequent modern adaptations in selected villages of the Sundarbans region that extend beyond livelihood earnings. Using oral narratives, household surveys, participatory learning approaches, and three occupational case studies, we elucidate how local communities perceive and engage with mangrove ecosystems socio-politically, illustrating direct and indirect dependencies on these vital resources. Adopting a thematic framework, we examine how Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) informs local decision-making and adaptation strategies in the face of climate change. Our findings underscore how the politicization of resource access and management impacts livelihoods and community governance, highlighting the resulting inequalities and power dynamics within local communities. We demonstrate that, despite challenges, the resilience of traditional practices and the adaptive capacity of local communities persist, warning against the pitfalls of unsustainable practices and emphasizing the need for equitable access to resources. Ultimately, our study contributes to a nuanced understanding of human-mangrove interactions and calls for a holistic approach to resource conservation that integrates traditional wisdom with contemporary scientific knowledge.